Methods to determine the moisture content of any substance

Quality Control
1

Could anyone tell me all the methods to determine the moisture content of any substance in all types of pharmaceutical industries?

Thanks in advance

2

Dry pan method, KF titration.

3

Please note the following test methods can be used to determine moisture/water content quantitatively in different materials (Mainly Pharma & food products). The method to be selected depends upon the type and nature of the product, moisture level present in the sample material, and accuracy of the results required. This is because the sensitivity of these methods is significantly different.

  • FORCED DRAFT AIR OVEN (at 105 deg. C)
  • VACUUM OVEN (at lower temp.)
  • MICROWAVE DRYING OVEN
  • RAPID MOISTURE ANALYZER (using IR -heating lamp)
  • TOLUENE DISTILLATION METHOD (Dean & Stark Method)
  • KARL FISCHER METHOD (Potentiometric titration / Coulometric method)
  • NEAR-INFRARED ANALYZER (NIR Method)
4

The most Common methods in Pharma USP/EP are
Volumetric Karl Fisher , typically above 2 mg of water
Coulometric Karl Fisher , Oven Coulometric can also be used
Loss on Drying , this will also factor in Volatile Organics , may not account for water of crystallisation